# 你能分清e.g.和i.e.吗?
e.g.和i.e.是英语中两个容易混淆的拉丁语缩写。
前者是exempli gratia的缩写,意思是"for example"(举例),后者是id est的缩写,意思是"that is"(即)。
看看下面4句句子,你能说出哪些是正确的,哪些是错误的吗?
- The evaluation noted that the employee had frequently exhibited irresponsible behavior (i.e., coming to work late, failing to complete projects).
- Writing instructors focus on a number of complex skills that require extensive practice (e.g., organization, clear expression, logical thinking, etc.)
- The general rule is that if a number can be expressed in three words or fewer, it should be written out (e.g., two hundred seventy).
- Use a comma to enclose (i.e., both before and after) the year in a month-day-year sequence.
上面4句话中,只有第三和第四句是正确的。
第一句中,应该用"e.g."而不是用"i.e.",因为插入句是对"irresponsible behavior "的举例。
第二句中,"e.g."是正确的,但是不应该在句末再用"etc.",因为"e.g."本身就暗示了这只是一部分例子。
这4句话的中文翻译如下:
- 评估报告指出,在雇员中大量存在不当行为(比如迟到和不完成工作)。
- 写作课教师强调那些需要大量练习的复杂技巧(比如文章的组织结构,清晰的表达和逻辑性)。
- 一般来说,如果一个数字能够用三个或三个以下单词表达出来,那么它就应该用单词形式写出来(比如two hundred seventy) 。
- 在"月-日-年"这样表达日期的形式,"年"应该用逗号分隔出来(即在它的前面和后面都使用逗号)。
下面,是一些使用这两个缩写的注意点。
- 这两个缩写后面都要使用逗号。
- 最好在括号中使用它们,就像上面四句例句一样。
- 某些语法书强调对它们要采用斜体,但大多数语法书没有这样的要求。
- 有个方便记忆的方法,就是你可以把e.g.记成"example given",把i.e.记成"in effect"。
总的来说,这两个缩写只在专业的书面语中使用,口语中是从来不用的。所以要是你实在搞不清楚,那就索性不要用它们,用简单的"for example"和"that is"代替就OK,😃
最后还是四道练习题,现在你是不是觉得很容易呀。
- Phone calls made to major cities within our three-state area (e.g., Raleigh, Atlanta, Greenville, etc.) are billed at the local rate.
- The summary of the auditor's report must specify which of the four types of findings was issued on the financial statements of the auditee (i.e., unqualified opinion, qualified opinion, adverse opinion, or disclaimer of opinion).
- Personal electronic devices (i.e., cell phones, laptop computers) may not be used during the flight.
- The president of the company is allowed certain privileges, including the use of the corporate jet and mountain retreat center, even when she is not engaged in company business (e.g., she may use them for vacations and other personal travel).
(答案:只有2正确,1、3和4错误。)
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